Cardiac Output Calculator

    Cardiac Output Calculator

    Blood Volume Pumped Per Minute

    Result
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    🫀 Cardiac Output Calculator

    Cardiac Output (CO) is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It is an essential metric for assessing cardiovascular efficiency and function.

    🧮 Formula

    CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume
    • Heart Rate (HR): Beats per minute (bpm)
    • Stroke Volume (SV): Blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat (mL)

    🔁 The result is expressed in liters per minute (L/min).

    📊 Interpretation

    • 🟩 Normal: 4.0 – 8.0 L/min
    • 🩷 Low: < 4.0 L/min → May suggest heart failure, hypovolemia, or cardiogenic shock
    • 🟨 High: > 8.0 L/min → May be due to hyperthyroidism, fever, anemia, or sepsis

    🏥 Clinical Relevance

    Cardiac output is a critical parameter in:

    • ICU and emergency care
    • Heart failure monitoring
    • Volume status assessment

    📌 Monitoring CO helps guide fluid management, inotrope use, and hemodynamic support.